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+;;; ob-C.el --- Babel Functions for C and Similar Languages -*- lexical-binding: t; -*-
+
+;; Copyright (C) 2010-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+;; Author: Eric Schulte
+;;      Thierry Banel
+;; Maintainer: Thierry Banel
+;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research
+;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org
+
+;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
+
+;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+;; (at your option) any later version.
+
+;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+;; GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+;; along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+;;; Commentary:
+
+;; Org-Babel support for evaluating C, C++, D code.
+;;
+;; very limited implementation:
+;; - currently only support :results output
+;; - not much in the way of error feedback
+
+;;; Code:
+
+(require 'cc-mode)
+(require 'ob)
+(require 'org-macs)
+
+(declare-function org-entry-get "org" (pom property &optional inherit literal-nil))
+
+(defvar org-babel-tangle-lang-exts)
+(add-to-list 'org-babel-tangle-lang-exts '("C++" . "cpp"))
+(add-to-list 'org-babel-tangle-lang-exts '("D" . "d"))
+
+(defvar org-babel-default-header-args:C '())
+
+(defconst org-babel-header-args:C '((includes . :any)
+				    (defines . :any)
+				    (main    . :any)
+				    (flags   . :any)
+				    (cmdline . :any)
+				    (libs    . :any))
+  "C/C++-specific header arguments.")
+
+(defconst org-babel-header-args:C++
+  (append '((namespaces . :any))
+	  org-babel-header-args:C)
+  "C++-specific header arguments.")
+
+(defcustom org-babel-C-compiler "gcc"
+  "Command used to compile a C source code file into an executable.
+May be either a command in the path, like gcc
+or an absolute path name, like /usr/local/bin/gcc
+parameter may be used, like gcc -v"
+  :group 'org-babel
+  :version "24.3"
+  :type 'string)
+
+(defcustom org-babel-C++-compiler "g++"
+  "Command used to compile a C++ source code file into an executable.
+May be either a command in the path, like g++
+or an absolute path name, like /usr/local/bin/g++
+parameter may be used, like g++ -v"
+  :group 'org-babel
+  :version "24.3"
+  :type 'string)
+
+(defcustom org-babel-D-compiler "rdmd"
+  "Command used to compile and execute a D source code file.
+May be either a command in the path, like rdmd
+or an absolute path name, like /usr/local/bin/rdmd
+parameter may be used, like rdmd --chatty"
+  :group 'org-babel
+  :version "24.3"
+  :type 'string)
+
+(defvar org-babel-c-variant nil
+  "Internal variable used to hold which type of C (e.g. C or C++ or D)
+is currently being evaluated.")
+
+(defun org-babel-execute:cpp (body params)
+  "Execute BODY according to PARAMS.
+This function calls `org-babel-execute:C++'."
+  (org-babel-execute:C++ body params))
+
+(defun org-babel-expand-body:cpp (body params)
+  "Expand a block of C++ code with org-babel according to its header arguments."
+  (org-babel-expand-body:C++ body params))
+
+(defun org-babel-execute:C++ (body params)
+  "Execute a block of C++ code with org-babel.
+This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'."
+  (let ((org-babel-c-variant 'cpp)) (org-babel-C-execute body params)))
+
+(defun org-babel-expand-body:C++ (body params)
+  "Expand a block of C++ code with org-babel according to its header arguments."
+  (let ((org-babel-c-variant 'cpp)) (org-babel-C-expand-C++ body params)))
+
+(defun org-babel-execute:D (body params)
+  "Execute a block of D code with org-babel.
+This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'."
+  (let ((org-babel-c-variant 'd)) (org-babel-C-execute body params)))
+
+(defun org-babel-expand-body:D (body params)
+  "Expand a block of D code with org-babel according to its header arguments."
+  (let ((org-babel-c-variant 'd)) (org-babel-C-expand-D body params)))
+
+(defun org-babel-execute:C (body params)
+  "Execute a block of C code with org-babel.
+This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'."
+  (let ((org-babel-c-variant 'c)) (org-babel-C-execute body params)))
+
+(defun org-babel-expand-body:C (body params)
+  "Expand a block of C code with org-babel according to its header arguments."
+  (let ((org-babel-c-variant 'c)) (org-babel-C-expand-C body params)))
+
+(defun org-babel-C-execute (body params)
+  "This function should only be called by `org-babel-execute:C'
+or `org-babel-execute:C++' or `org-babel-execute:D'."
+  (let* ((tmp-src-file (org-babel-temp-file
+			"C-src-"
+			(pcase org-babel-c-variant
+			  (`c ".c") (`cpp ".cpp") (`d ".d"))))
+	 (tmp-bin-file			;not used for D
+	  (org-babel-process-file-name
+	   (org-babel-temp-file "C-bin-" org-babel-exeext)))
+	 (cmdline (cdr (assq :cmdline params)))
+	 (cmdline (if cmdline (concat " " cmdline) ""))
+	 (flags (cdr (assq :flags params)))
+	 (flags (mapconcat 'identity
+			   (if (listp flags) flags (list flags)) " "))
+	 (libs (org-babel-read
+		(or (cdr (assq :libs params))
+		    (org-entry-get nil "libs" t))
+		nil))
+	 (libs (mapconcat #'identity
+			  (if (listp libs) libs (list libs))
+			  " "))
+	 (full-body
+	  (pcase org-babel-c-variant
+	    (`c (org-babel-C-expand-C body params))
+	    (`cpp (org-babel-C-expand-C++ body params))
+	    (`d (org-babel-C-expand-D body params)))))
+    (with-temp-file tmp-src-file (insert full-body))
+    (pcase org-babel-c-variant
+      ((or `c `cpp)
+       (org-babel-eval
+	(format "%s -o %s %s %s %s"
+		(pcase org-babel-c-variant
+		  (`c org-babel-C-compiler)
+		  (`cpp org-babel-C++-compiler))
+		tmp-bin-file
+		flags
+		(org-babel-process-file-name tmp-src-file)
+		libs)
+	""))
+      (`d nil)) ;; no separate compilation for D
+    (let ((results
+	   (org-babel-eval
+	    (pcase org-babel-c-variant
+	      ((or `c `cpp)
+	       (concat tmp-bin-file cmdline))
+	      (`d
+	       (format "%s %s %s %s"
+		       org-babel-D-compiler
+		       flags
+		       (org-babel-process-file-name tmp-src-file)
+		       cmdline)))
+	    "")))
+      (when results
+	(setq results (org-remove-indentation results))
+	(org-babel-reassemble-table
+	 (org-babel-result-cond (cdr (assq :result-params params))
+	   (org-babel-read results t)
+	   (let ((tmp-file (org-babel-temp-file "c-")))
+	     (with-temp-file tmp-file (insert results))
+	     (org-babel-import-elisp-from-file tmp-file)))
+	 (org-babel-pick-name
+	  (cdr (assq :colname-names params)) (cdr (assq :colnames params)))
+	 (org-babel-pick-name
+	  (cdr (assq :rowname-names params)) (cdr (assq :rownames params)))))
+      )))
+
+(defun org-babel-C-expand-C++ (body params)
+  "Expand a block of C/C++ code with org-babel according to its header arguments."
+  (org-babel-C-expand-C body params))
+
+(defun org-babel-C-expand-C (body params)
+  "Expand a block of C/C++ code with org-babel according to its header arguments."
+  (let ((vars (org-babel--get-vars params))
+	(colnames (cdr (assq :colname-names params)))
+	(main-p (not (string= (cdr (assq :main params)) "no")))
+	(includes (org-babel-read
+		   (cdr (assq :includes params))
+		   nil))
+	(defines (org-babel-read
+		  (cdr (assq :defines params))
+		  nil))
+	(namespaces (org-babel-read
+		     (cdr (assq :namespaces params))
+		     nil)))
+    (when (stringp includes)
+      (setq includes (split-string includes)))
+    (when (stringp namespaces)
+      (setq namespaces (split-string namespaces)))
+    (when (stringp defines)
+      (let ((y nil)
+	    (result (list t)))
+	(dolist (x (split-string defines))
+	  (if (null y)
+	      (setq y x)
+	    (nconc result (list (concat y " " x)))
+	    (setq y nil)))
+	(setq defines (cdr result))))
+    (mapconcat 'identity
+	       (list
+		;; includes
+		(mapconcat
+		 (lambda (inc)
+		   ;; :includes '(<foo> <bar>) gives us a list of
+		   ;; symbols; convert those to strings.
+		   (when (symbolp inc) (setq inc (symbol-name inc)))
+		   (if (string-prefix-p "<" inc)
+		       (format "#include %s" inc)
+		     (format "#include \"%s\"" inc)))
+		 includes "\n")
+		;; defines
+		(mapconcat
+		 (lambda (inc) (format "#define %s" inc))
+		 (if (listp defines) defines (list defines)) "\n")
+		;; namespaces
+		(mapconcat
+		 (lambda (inc) (format "using namespace %s;" inc))
+		 namespaces
+		 "\n")
+		;; variables
+		(mapconcat 'org-babel-C-var-to-C vars "\n")
+		;; table sizes
+		(mapconcat 'org-babel-C-table-sizes-to-C vars "\n")
+		;; tables headers utility
+		(when colnames
+		  (org-babel-C-utility-header-to-C))
+		;; tables headers
+		(mapconcat (lambda (head)
+                             (let* ((tblnm (car head))
+                                    (tbl (cdr (car (let* ((el vars))
+                                                     (while (not (or (equal tblnm (caar el)) (not el)))
+                                                       (setq el (cdr el)))
+                                                     el))))
+                                    (type (org-babel-C-val-to-base-type tbl)))
+                               (org-babel-C-header-to-C head type))) colnames "\n")
+		;; body
+		(if main-p
+		    (org-babel-C-ensure-main-wrap body)
+		  body) "\n") "\n")))
+
+(defun org-babel-C-expand-D (body params)
+  "Expand a block of D code with org-babel according to its header arguments."
+  (let ((vars (org-babel--get-vars params))
+	(colnames (cdr (assq :colname-names params)))
+	(main-p (not (string= (cdr (assq :main params)) "no")))
+	(imports (or (cdr (assq :imports params))
+		     (org-babel-read (org-entry-get nil "imports" t)))))
+    (when (stringp imports)
+      (setq imports (split-string imports)))
+    (setq imports (append imports '("std.stdio" "std.conv")))
+    (mapconcat 'identity
+	       (list
+		"module mmm;"
+		;; imports
+		(mapconcat
+		 (lambda (inc) (format "import %s;" inc))
+		 imports "\n")
+		;; variables
+		(mapconcat 'org-babel-C-var-to-C vars "\n")
+		;; table sizes
+		(mapconcat 'org-babel-C-table-sizes-to-C vars "\n")
+		;; tables headers utility
+		(when colnames
+		  (org-babel-C-utility-header-to-C))
+		;; tables headers
+		(mapconcat (lambda (head)
+                             (let* ((tblnm (car head))
+                                    (tbl (cdr (car (let* ((el vars))
+                                                     (while (not (or (equal tblnm (caar el)) (not el)))
+                                                       (setq el (cdr el)))
+                                                     el))))
+                                    (type (org-babel-C-val-to-base-type tbl)))
+                               (org-babel-C-header-to-C head type))) colnames "\n")
+		;; body
+		(if main-p
+		    (org-babel-C-ensure-main-wrap body)
+		  body) "\n") "\n")))
+
+(defun org-babel-C-ensure-main-wrap (body)
+  "Wrap BODY in a \"main\" function call if none exists."
+  (if (string-match "^[ \t]*[intvod]+[ \t\n\r]*main[ \t]*(.*)" body)
+      body
+    (format "int main() {\n%s\nreturn 0;\n}\n" body)))
+
+(defun org-babel-prep-session:C (_session _params)
+  "This function does nothing as C is a compiled language with no
+support for sessions."
+  (error "C is a compiled language -- no support for sessions"))
+
+(defun org-babel-load-session:C (_session _body _params)
+  "This function does nothing as C is a compiled language with no
+support for sessions."
+  (error "C is a compiled language -- no support for sessions"))
+
+;; helper functions
+
+(defun org-babel-C-format-val (type val)
+  "Handle the FORMAT part of TYPE with the data from VAL."
+  (let ((format-data (cadr type)))
+    (if (stringp format-data)
+	(cons "" (format format-data val))
+      (funcall format-data val))))
+
+(defun org-babel-C-val-to-C-type (val)
+  "Determine the type of VAL.
+Return a list (TYPE-NAME FORMAT).  TYPE-NAME should be the name of the type.
+FORMAT can be either a format string or a function which is called with VAL."
+  (let* ((basetype (org-babel-C-val-to-base-type val))
+	 (type
+	  (pcase basetype
+	    (`integerp '("int" "%d"))
+	    (`floatp '("double" "%f"))
+	    (`stringp
+	     (list
+	      (if (eq org-babel-c-variant 'd) "string" "const char*")
+	      "\"%s\""))
+            (_ (error "Unknown type %S" basetype)))))
+    (cond
+     ((integerp val) type) ;; an integer declared in the #+begin_src line
+     ((floatp val) type) ;; a numeric declared in the #+begin_src line
+     ((and (listp val) (listp (car val))) ;; a table
+      `(,(car type)
+	(lambda (val)
+	  (cons
+           (pcase org-babel-c-variant
+             ((or `c `cpp) (format "[%d][%d]" (length val) (length (car val))))
+             (`d           (format "[%d][%d]" (length (car val)) (length val))))
+	   (concat
+	    (if (eq org-babel-c-variant 'd) "[\n" "{\n")
+	    (mapconcat
+	     (lambda (v)
+	       (concat
+		(if (eq org-babel-c-variant 'd) " [" " {")
+		(mapconcat (lambda (w) (format ,(cadr type) w)) v ",")
+		(if (eq org-babel-c-variant 'd) "]" "}")))
+	     val
+	     ",\n")
+	    (if (eq org-babel-c-variant 'd) "\n]" "\n}"))))))
+     ((or (listp val) (vectorp val)) ;; a list declared in the #+begin_src line
+      `(,(car type)
+	(lambda (val)
+	  (cons
+	   (format "[%d]" (length val))
+	   (concat
+	    (if (eq org-babel-c-variant 'd) "[" "{")
+	    (mapconcat (lambda (v) (format ,(cadr type) v)) val ",")
+	    (if (eq org-babel-c-variant 'd) "]" "}"))))))
+     (t ;; treat unknown types as string
+      type))))
+
+(defun org-babel-C-val-to-base-type (val)
+  "Determine the base type of VAL which may be
+`integerp' if all base values are integers
+`floatp' if all base values are either floating points or integers
+`stringp' otherwise."
+  (cond
+   ((integerp val) 'integerp)
+   ((floatp val) 'floatp)
+   ((or (listp val) (vectorp val))
+    (let ((type nil))
+      (mapc (lambda (v)
+	      (pcase (org-babel-C-val-to-base-type v)
+		(`stringp (setq type 'stringp))
+		(`floatp
+		 (when (or (not type) (eq type 'integerp))
+		   (setq type 'floatp)))
+		(`integerp
+		 (unless type (setq type 'integerp)))))
+	    val)
+      type))
+   (t 'stringp)))
+
+(defun org-babel-C-var-to-C (pair)
+  "Convert an elisp val into a string of C code specifying a var of the same value."
+  ;; TODO list support
+  (let ((var (car pair))
+	(val (cdr pair)))
+    (when (symbolp val)
+      (setq val (symbol-name val))
+      (when (= (length val) 1)
+	(setq val (string-to-char val))))
+    (let* ((type-data (org-babel-C-val-to-C-type val))
+	   (type (car type-data))
+	   (formatted (org-babel-C-format-val type-data val))
+	   (suffix (car formatted))
+	   (data (cdr formatted)))
+      (pcase org-babel-c-variant
+        ((or `c `cpp)
+         (format "%s %s%s = %s;"
+	         type
+	         var
+	         suffix
+	         data))
+        (`d
+         (format "%s%s %s = %s;"
+	         type
+	         suffix
+	         var
+	         data))))))
+
+(defun org-babel-C-table-sizes-to-C (pair)
+  "Create constants of table dimensions, if PAIR is a table."
+  (when (listp (cdr pair))
+    (cond
+     ((listp (cadr pair)) ;; a table
+      (concat
+       (format "const int %s_rows = %d;" (car pair) (length (cdr pair)))
+       "\n"
+       (format "const int %s_cols = %d;" (car pair) (length (cadr pair)))))
+     (t ;; a list declared in the #+begin_src line
+      (format "const int %s_cols = %d;" (car pair) (length (cdr pair)))))))
+
+(defun org-babel-C-utility-header-to-C ()
+  "Generate a utility function to convert a column name into a column number."
+  (pcase org-babel-c-variant
+    ((or `c `cpp)
+     (concat
+      "
+#ifndef _STRING_H
+#include <string.h>
+#endif
+int get_column_num (int nbcols, const char** header, const char* column)
+{
+  int c;
+  for (c=0; c<nbcols; c++)
+    if (strcmp(header[c],column)==0)
+      return c;
+  return -1;
+}
+"))
+    (`d
+     "int get_column_num (string[] header, string column)
+{
+  foreach (c, h; header)
+    if (h==column)
+      return to!int(c);
+  return -1;
+}
+")))
+
+(defun org-babel-C-header-to-C (head type)
+  "Convert an elisp list of header table into a C or D vector
+specifying a variable with the name of the table."
+  (message "%S" type)
+  (let ((table (car head))
+        (headers (cdr head))
+        (typename (pcase type
+                    (`integerp "int")
+                    (`floatp "double")
+                    (`stringp (pcase org-babel-c-variant
+                                ((or `c `cpp) "const char*")
+                                (`d "string"))))))
+    (concat
+     (pcase org-babel-c-variant
+       ((or `c `cpp)
+        (format "const char* %s_header[%d] = {%s};"
+                table
+                (length headers)
+                (mapconcat (lambda (h) (format "\"%s\"" h)) headers ",")))
+       (`d
+        (format "string[%d] %s_header = [%s];"
+                (length headers)
+                table
+                (mapconcat (lambda (h) (format "\"%s\"" h)) headers ","))))
+     "\n"
+     (pcase org-babel-c-variant
+       ((or `c `cpp)
+	(format
+	 "%s %s_h (int row, const char* col) { return %s[row][get_column_num(%d,%s_header,col)]; }"
+	 typename table table (length headers) table))
+       (`d
+	(format
+	 "%s %s_h (size_t row, string col) { return %s[row][get_column_num(%s_header,col)]; }"
+         typename table table table))))))
+
+(provide 'ob-C)
+
+;;; ob-C.el ends here